The authors recommended a biological equivalent exposure limit of 101 ug/L. The present study examined effects of toluene (TOL), trichloroethylene (TCE), and perchloroethylene (PERC) on whole-cell calcium current (ICa) in nerve growth factor-differentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Treatment with this agent is more effective against Necator americanus than against Ancylostoma duodenale ... /Former use/, Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (TETRACHLOROETHYLENE or PCE)? (ed.). Storage of the skin at -20 deg C did not significantly affect the penetration of these chemicals. Metabolism ... is relatively slow with only few percent of dose being excreted as metabolites, major one being trichloroacetic acid... IKEDA M ET AL; BRIT J IND MED 29 (3): 328-33 (1972). Biotransformation via this pathway occurs mainly in the liver, which is the main target organ for tetrachloroethene's toxicity and carcinogenicity. There are important differences between species in the metabolism and toxicity of tetrachloroethylene. In human tissue at autopsy, ratios of fat to liver concentrations are greater than 6:1, McConnell G et al; Endeavor 34: 13-8 (1975) as cited in USEPA; Health Advisories for 25 Organics: Tetrachloroethylene p.307 (1987) PB 87-235578. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. In humans, the fat-to-blood concentration ratio has been estimated to be as high as 90:1. Both volatile (unchanged compound) and non-volatile (metabolite) radioactivity reached embryonic and fetal tissue, particularly the liver and blood. Tetrachloroethylene can cross the placenta and distribute to the fetus and amniotic fluid. The studies showed that many metabolites are produced, including some known to be cytotoxic, mutagenic or both. Tetrachloroethylene has continued to be used in small animals over the years but has been largely replaced by drugs that are less toxic & easier to admin. High concentrations of PCE in exhaled breath (160 to 260 ug/cu m) were measurable five hours after exposure. The dermal absorption of chloroform through freshly prepared human skin was not changed significantly by pretreatment of the skin with commonly used consumer products (moisturizer, baby oil, insect repellent, sunscreen); however, the permeability coefficient was found to increase from 0.071 cm/hr at 11 deg C to 0.19 cm/hr at 50 deg C. These data suggest that exposure estimates for chloroform & other contaminants in water should consider the appropriate exposure scenario to properly assess the dermal dose. A 10-min inhalation exposure of pregnant mice to 14C-radiolabelled tetrachloroethene /resulted in/ a high uptake of radioactivity in the maternal body fat, brain, nasal mucosa, blood, and well perfused organs such as liver, kidney, and lung. The disposition of an absorbed dose of tetrachloroethylene occurs primarily through pulmonary excretion; metabolism is less important than for other chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene. Otherwise it is volatile, highly stable, and nonflammable. As a result, tetrachloroethylene can also be persistent in the water because it has a higher density than water and relatively low water solubility. Tetrachloroethylene and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a breakdown product of tetrachloroethylene, can be detected in the blood. Observations were compared with predictions, and the models were modified based on ethnic differences in physiological parameters. Trichloroethylene sigificantly affected liver weight and glucose-6-phosphatase activity; perchloroethylene affected all four parameters. General Information. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1032, VET: At one time it was used fairly extensively against gi parasites of ruminants. The two major products of tetrachloroethylene metabolism by the CYP pathway are trichloroacetyl chloride and oxalyl chloride. (eds.) Worldwide production was about 1 million metric tons (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) in 1985.[4]. Volatile radioactivity in the fetus was always lower than in the corresponding maternal tissues and was not detected by 4 hr following exposure. Volumes 1: New York, NY. Exposure to this substance irritates the upper respiratory tract and eyes and causes neurological effects as well as kidney and liver damage. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) Page 3 Chapter 2 Major Uses or Sources PCE is generally used in a variety of applications. The beta-lyase-independent pathway: S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (TCVC) undergoes acetylation to its mercapturate N-acetyl-TCVC and then sulfoxidation to N-acetyl-S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (N-Ac-TCVCS), which is mediated by CYP3A or flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). It may also be used as a solvent in the preparation of 1-chloro-1-(trichloroethe nyl)cyclopropane from tetrachlorocyclopropene and ethylene. Barceloux. Most of the radioactivity recovered in urine can be attributed to formation of trichloroacetic acid, a nonvolatile metabolite of tetrachloroethylene that is excreted primarily in urine. It is also used in aerosol preparations. Male Swiss-Cox mice received either trichloroethylene (0 to 3200 mg/kg/day) or perchloroethylene (0 to 2000 mg/kg/day) in corn oil by gavage for 6 weeks. In chemical composition, as of November 10, 2010: http //www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html. Via the lungs generally used in the early 20th century, tetrachloroethene, 127-18-4 both volatile ( compound... This fat sol liver toxicant by tetrachloroethylene has focused on in-place remediation volatile, stable... Physiological parameters in breast milk acute neurophysiological and behavioral effects of volatile organic compounds in dilute soln! 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