With masses of pollen-rich spring flowers followed by autumn berries (haws), they provide food and shelter for a range of wildlife. The small trees have a slow to moderate rate of growth. Blight control products containing copper are sometimes effective. The leaves grow spirally arranged on long shoots, and in clusters on spur shoots on the branches or twigs. [12], A 2008 Cochrane Collaboration meta-analysis of previous studies concluded that evidence exists of "a significant benefit in symptom control and physiologic outcomes" for an extract of hawthorn used as an adjuvant in treating chronic heart failure. [8] In rural North America, it was prized for use as tool handles and fence posts. Seeds require stratification and take one or two years to germinate. [36], Although it is commonly stated that hawthorns can be propagated by cutting, this is difficult to achieve with rootless stem pieces. They have year round interest with the flowers, but also in fall and winter because of the berries (which songbirds love). Here are a few to consider: 1. The fruit, sometimes known as a "haw", is berry-like but structurally a pome containing from one to five pyrenes that resemble the "stones" of plums, peaches, etc., which are drupaceous fruit in the same subfamily. Height/Spread: Upright spreading habit, 15-20 feet tall and wide. The leaves of the hawthorn are small, dark green and toothed or lobed. In spring, the tree is covered with clusters of flowers in shades of white or pink, depending on the variety. The wood of some Crataegus species is hard and resistant to rot. [9] The dried fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida (called shān zhā in Chinese) are used in traditional Chinese medicine, primarily as a digestive aid. Disease, pests, and problems. How to choose Hawthorn trees. ; Bailey, E.Z. The Hawthorn is an attractive large shrub or small tree. Red Sun Chinese Hawthorn Know in China as Shan Zha, this attractive small tree displays large clusters of white flowers followed by abundant, round, large, 1" diameter fruit which turn red when ripe. May have anti-inflammatory properties. Also known as midland hawthorn, woodland hawthorn, or mayflower, this European native is … [10] The leaves are edible, and if picked in spring when still young, are tender enough to be used in salads. Hawthorn Trees - Crataegus Crataegus trees, also known as Hawthron trees, are widely planted for their delightful flowers which are often scented and appear in spring. Leaves 3 to 7-lobed, 1-2 inches long and nearly as broad, resemble mittens or paws 3. [citation needed]. Crataegus is a large genus of trees and shrubs, with many varieties suited to planting as ornamental trees, garden hedging and street planting. The genus is classified into sections which are further divided into series. The hawthorn is an species of sturdy tree that is widespread throughout the Western world. It is said that American legend Paul Bunyan used the Washington hawthorn… Distribution of Suksdorf Hawthorn from USDA–note it only occurs in the SW corner of BC. Unless planting closely for a hedge, space trees 30 feet apart. All have excellent spring blossom displays, and most have attractive autumn fruitlet colours. Like aphids, scale is controlled by predators such as beetles, parasitic moths and lacewings. Remove damaged or broken branches in late winter. Flowers grouped in broad, dense, flat-topped clusters and resemble cherry or apple blossoms 4. A closely related species, Crataegus cuneata (Japanese hawthorn, called sanzashi in Japanese) is used in a similar manner. The young leaves and flower buds, which are also edible, are known as "bread and cheese" in rural England. [29] This warning persists to modern times; it has been questioned by folklorist Bob Curran whether the ill luck of the DeLorean Motor Company was associated with the destruction of a fairy thorn to make way for a production facility. [27], In Gaelic folklore, hawthorn (in Scottish Gaelic, sgitheach and in Irish, sceach) 'marks the entrance to the otherworld' and is strongly associated with the fairies. The products used are often derived from C. monogyna, C. laevigata, or related Crataegus species, "collectively known as hawthorn", not necessarily distinguishing between these species. [17], Overdose can cause cardiac arrhythmia and low blood pressure, while milder side effects include nausea and dizziness. Hawthorns provide food and shelter for many species of birds and mammals, and the flowers are important for many nectar-feeding insects. The "haws" or fruits of the common hawthorn, C. monogyna, are edible. Our Red Hawthorn Crimson Cloud are supplied at a height of between 1.00 and 2.4 metres in a 7-12 litre container, which means that the tree can be planted any time of the year and with better results than either bare-root or rootballed trees. Choosing Hawthorn Trees. The fruits, which are called 山楂 shān zhā in Chinese, are also used to produce jams, jellies, juices, alcoholic beverages, and other drinks; these could in turn be used in other dishes (for instance, many older recipes for Cantonese sweet and sour sauce call for shānzhā jam). The Washington hawthorn (C. phaenopyrum) is famous for its red autumn colour and its abundant clusters of orange-red fruits that persist on the twigs well into winter; it is somewhat susceptible to rust but is otherwise a durable and much-used ornamental. Spectacular small tree with intense red double flowers & excellent autumn colour Lovely year-round hues and short stature makes this an excellent choice for a small garden. The berries are called haws, are red or black and are known for many medicinal uses. Branches of Glastonbury thorn (C. monogyna 'Biflora',[9] sometimes called C. oxyacantha var. Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/[2]), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn,[3] thornapple,[4] May-tree,[5] whitethorn,[5] or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae,[6] native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America. [8], The Scots saying "Ne'er cast a cloot til Mey's oot" conveys a warning not to shed any cloots (clothes) before the summer has fully arrived and the Mayflowers (hawthorn blossoms) are in full bloom. Native to the UK, this hawthorn is perfect for attracting pollinators and birds come autumn, thanks to its spectacular blossom and red haws. The Washington Hawthorn tree is an attractive small tree, growing to about 30 feet tall. The Hawthorn tree has white flowers similar to apple blossoms that attracts butterflies and beneficial insects. Hawthorn berry may have anti-inflammatory properties that … In the United Kingdom, they are sometimes used to make a jelly or homemade wine. [41][42][43] The sections are: Genus of flowering plants in the rose family Rosaceae. According to a medieval legend, the Glastonbury thorn, C. monogyna 'Biflora', which flowers twice annually, was supposed to have miraculously grown from a walking stick planted by Joseph of Arimathea at Glastonbury in Somerset, England. They are also cooked with other fruits to prepare a Christmas punch. Hawthorn blossom is usually unscented, or has a very mild scent. Oregon State University Extension: Hawthorn (Crataegus), University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources: Hawthorn—Crataegus Spp., Family Rosaceae (Rose Family), Birds and Blooms: Top Ten Berries for Birds, University of Florida School of Forest Resources and Conservation: Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.). Hawthorne Trees have a variety of flowers. During the pioneer days, white settlers ate these fruits during the winter as the only remaining food supply. It's a medium-sized tree, 20 to 30 feet tall and 15 to 20 feet wide, suitable as a street or specimen tree. Since the reign of King James I, it has been a Christmas custom to send a sprig of Glastonbury thorn flowers to the Sovereign, which is used to decorate the royal family's dinner table. M.H. Tree & Plant Care. Avoid watering hawthorn while the tree is blooming. [6][8] First Nations people of western Canada used the thorns for durable fish hooks and minor skin surgeries. [13] A 2010 review[14] concluded that "Crataegus [hawthorn] preparations hold significant potential as a useful remedy in the treatment of cardiovascular disease". [16], The Kutenai people of northwestern North America used black hawthorn fruit (Kutenai language: kaǂa; approximate pronunciation: kasha) for food, and red hawthorn fruit (Kutenai language: ǂupǂi; approximate pronunciation: shupshi) in traditional medicine. C. phaenopyrum, called W… The fruits are excellent. Of greatest significance is the fact that it is the perfect substitute for the very problematic Paul’s Scarlet Hawthorn. Hawthorn is a versatile tree that thrives in full sunlight and any well-drained soil. The thorns are small sharp-tipped branches that arise either from other branches or from the trunk, and are typically 1–3 cm long (recorded as up to 11.5 cm (4.5 in) in one case[9]). praecox), which flowers both in December and in spring, were formerly highly valued in England, on account of the legend that the tree was originally the staff of Joseph of Arimathea.[25]. Chinese Haw is easy to grow and hardy. Petals are usually white, sometimes pink 5. Hawthorn Hawthorn trees have many positiveness and negatives, but some of the biggest positives are their full-figure shape, they need little pruning and beautiful blooms in spring. Other species (especially Crataegus laevigata) are used in herbal medicine where the plant is believed to strengthen cardiovascular function. aronia, as well as other species) are known as zâlzâlak and eaten raw as a snack, or made into a jam known by the same name. 2. This unique sweet and flavorful fruit is delicious eaten fresh, dried, stewed, and made into candy. Zones: 5-8. How Long Does It Take for a Kousa Sapling to Flower? [22] They are grown and enjoyed for their display of flowers. The New Sunset Western Garden Book; Kathleen Norris Brenzel, editor. Dyer began her writing career as a staff writer at a community newspaper and is now a full-time commercial writer. During the British Agricultural Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, hawthorn saplings were mass propagated in nurseries to create the new field boundaries required by the Inclosure Acts. Among the most commonly grown hawthorns are Russian hawthorn (Crataegus ambigua), English hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata), and Carriere hawthorn (Crategus carrierel). [23][24], The custom of employing the flowering branches for decorative purposes on 1 May is of very early origin, but since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1752, the tree has rarely been in full bloom in England before the second week of that month. Hawthorn trees are often found beside clootie wells; at these types of holy wells, they are sometimes known as rag trees, for the strips of cloth which are tied to them as part of healing rituals. The hawthorn has been regarded as the emblem of hope, and its branches are stated to have been carried by the ancient Greeks in wedding processions, and to have been used by them to deck the altar of Hymenaios. It is graft-compatible with Mespilus (medlar), and with pear, and makes a hardier rootstock than quince, but the thorny suckering habit of the hawthorn can be problematic. ; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. It has a lovely orange-red fall color and three-inch clusters of white flowers that bloom in spring. Makes an … The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. In South Korea, a liquor called sansachun (산사춘) is made from the fruits. [40][41] Series Montaninsulae has not yet been assigned to a section. [15], Several species of hawthorn have been used in traditional medicine. Noteworthy Characteristics. Instead, use an insecticidal soap spray, which isn't systemic and kills only on contact. Oneseed Hawthorn, C. monogyna, is an introduced species, commonly found in the Pacific Northwest. Similar to other ornamental hawthorn species and often forms hybrids that have inter… Although the thorny twigs and foliage aren't high priority for deer, they become more attractive when other food is scarce. List of hawthorn species with yellow fruit, List of hawthorn species with black fruit, "FirstVoices- Ktunaxa. After flowers in colors like white, pink, lavender, and red appear in the spring, small red or orange fruit will grow in the summer and often persist into late winter--a single tree … Disease, pest, and problem resistance The native Crataegus monogyna has white flowers, as do a number of other varieties, but there are also red and pink flowering Hawthorn trees to choose from. Some botanists in the past recognised 1000 or more species,[39] many of which are apomictic microspecies. Though classified as small trees, they have a tendency to send up suckers, which leads to multiple trunks or creates a large shrub if not pruned. Robert Graves, in his book The White Goddess,[5] traces and reinterprets many European legends and myths in which the whitethorn (hawthorn), also called the May-tree, is central. This tree is easily trimmed and a few of these planted together will make an attractive hedge. The oval red berries ripen a little earlier (than Washington hawthorn) in fall and contain a single seed (hence the name). Haws are important for wildlife in winter, particularly thrushes and waxwings; these birds eat the haws and disperse the seeds in their droppings. coast, is now either lumped in C. douglasii or C. chrysocarpa var. 1. The Kutenai people of northwestern North America used red and black hawthorn fruit for food. However, careful pruning of diseased wood is critical. [37] Seed germination is improved if the pyrenes that contain the seed are subjected to extensive drying at room temperature, before stratification. , 1974. Fireblight, a bacterial disease that afflicts a number of fruit trees, gives hawthorn a scorched appearance and can kill the tree if left untreated. The fruits of Crataegus mexicana are known in Mexico as tejocotes and are eaten raw, cooked, or in jam during the winter. Small, yellow or red apple-like fruit, often called thorn apples or haws, ripen in autumn. Although hawthorn is relatively pest-resistant, the tree is sometimes bothered by aphids or scale. The leaves of most species have lobed or serrated margins and are somewhat variable in shape. This is the prettiest of the Hawthorns, with pink or red flowers and showy autumn color. [19][20], Many species and hybrids are used as ornamental and street trees. Multiple Seasons of Interest. Cedar rusts and fireblight are potential problems but this species is more resistant to those diseases. 450-1100)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 00:33. Once full grown they can reach a height of 15-20 Feet and 15-20 Feet in spread. Plants prefer full sun to part shade and water. CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2020 (. Crataegus phaenopyrum, commonly called Washington hawthorn, is native to Missouri where it is primarily found in open ground, thickets and wood margins in the Ozark region of the state (Steyermark).It is noted for its attractive flowers and foliage, bright red fruits and fall color. Hawthorn. Common in hedgerows, these shrubs and small trees are tough and hardy enough to thrive in a number of garden situations. People born on the island are now called "haweaters". The Hawthorn Tree has fragrant white blossom in late spring and early summer, covering the tree in a mass of tiny white flowers. Hawthorn Trees 1 Hawthorn Trees 2 Hawthorn Trees, Facts & Detailed Information on the Hawthorn Tree. The legislation designating it as such was introduced by Sarah Lucille Turner, one of the first two women to serve in the Missouri House of Representatives. Well-suited to clay soils. The most common type of bark is smooth grey in young individuals, developing shallow longitudinal fissures with narrow ridges in older trees. In Celtic lore, the hawthorn plant was used commonly for inscriptions[26][citation needed] along with yew and apple. The Washington Hawthorn Tree grows well in USDA Hardiness Zones 4-7. Botanical name: Crataegus. Robins sometimes line the branches in mid- to late winter, harvesting the fruits. In the Scottish Highlands, the flowers may be seen as late as the middle of June. The fruits of North America's Crataegus greggiana are made into preserves. First noted scientifically in 1883, the tree received its name from its point of origin when introduced to Pennsylvania from Washington, becoming known as the Washington thorn because of its prominent thorns. English hawthorn C. laevigata. They average between 15 and 30 feet tall and wide. Phipps, J.B., O'Kennon, R.J., Lance, R.W. Crataegus, commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the … Birds, squirrels, rabbits, raccoons and deer dine on the rich fruit and seeds. Fireblight, most prevalent when hawthorn is planted near apple or pear orchards, often occurs when hot, dry weather is followed by humid conditions such as rain or hail. Nekada se borio sa ZEMUNSKIM KLANOM, a sada drži glogov kolac u rukama", "Language of Flowers - Flower Meanings, Flower Sentiments", Bujarska-Borkowska, B. Native to eastern North America, hawthorn is a showy, small tree that breaks into clouds of white flowers in spring, followed by vivid fall color, and long-lasting red winter fruits. Washington hawthorn trees attain a height of 25 to 35 feet, with a spread also of 25 to 35 feet. The mixture of tejocote paste, sugar, and chili powder produces a popular Mexican candy called rielitos, which is manufactured by several brands. Color: Green foliage, white flowers, red fruit, insignificant fall color. [citation needed], Hawthorn can be used as a rootstock in the practice of grafting. In the home garden, hawthorn attracts butterflies and a number of songbirds, including cedar waxwings, bluejays and northern flickers. It was once said to heal the broken heart. [38] Uncommon forms can be grafted onto seedlings of other species. Fertilizer isn't required, but if growth appears sparse, apply a slow-release fertilizer in autumn. Hawthorns form the genus Crataegus, and are a diverse range of hardy trees, adaptable to many situations - including urban and coastal planting. She writes about a variety of topics, with a focus on sustainable, pesticide- and herbicide-free gardening. Scale isn't always recognized as an insect, as the pests are covered by waxy shells that look like yellow, black or brown bumps. 3. In Ireland, the red fruit is, or was, called the Johnny MacGorey or Magory. © Copyright 2020 Hearst Communications, Inc. Related to the apple, pear, and crabapple trees, the English hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) is a small to medium-sized tree that's native to Europe and North Africa. The 4 cm fruits of the species Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn) are tart, bright red, and resemble small crabapple fruits. The hawthorn flowers twice a year and from the flowers come the fruit. The vast majority of types have branches covered in thorns, which range from under and inch to 3 inches long and all produce pome fruits. The original tree was destroyed in the sixteenth century during the English Reformation, but several cultivars have survived. Hawthorn is suitable for growing in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 9. In Iran, the fruits of Crataegus (including Crataegus azarolus var. In the United Kingdom, they are sometimes used to make a jelly or homemade wine. [14], Phytochemicals found in hawthorn include tannins, flavonoids, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids. Red Hawthorn, C. columbiana, which may be seen in some areas of the B.C. [21] Several cultivars of the Midland hawthorn C. laevigata have been selected for their pink or red flowers. Green Hawthorn is a lower maintenance tree than most hawthorns as it is more disease resistant. They are used to make many kinds of Chinese snacks, including haw flakes and being coated in sugar syrup and put on a stick tanghulu. Its beautiful flowers, sharp thorns and hedge-like qualities have made it popular throughout the ages.