Generally, the more serious the exposure, the more severe the symptoms. Dawson AH, Whyte IM. Treatment of aniline poisoning is a relatively simple procedure. of decontamination and cardiopulmonary support. the methemoglobin antidote, methylene blue, as soon as possible. and hemolysis. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. to hospital personnel. Poisoning Definition Poisoning occurs when any substance interferes with normal body functions after it is swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed. In , aniline poisoning has been rst des cribed in a c ase. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. 1988; 26(5-6):357-64 (ISSN: 0731-3810) Mier RJ. The patient was treated immediately with 150âmg (2âmg/kg) intravenous methylene blue over 5 minutes. The soldiers experienced ⦠number of your primary care physician so that the ED can
(1988). Persons exposed only to aniline vapor do not pose secondary
Ingestion of aniline can cause methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia through the action of its metabolites, phenylhydroxylamine and ami-nophenol, both strong oxidizing agents (1â4). Diagnosis is primarily clinical, but for some poisonings, blood and urine tests can help. In industry, aniline is an initiator or intermediary in the synthesis of a wide variety of products, most notably polyurethane foam, agricultural chemicals, analge⦠pure aniline, with no evidence of 2C-E. Aniline is a common solvent used in manufacturing processes. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed, which showed significantly elevated methemoglobin levels and was suggestive of respiratory acidosis. chemical by contacting: ____________ or _____________, or by
of cardiopulmonary support and administration of the methemoglobinemia
ACUTE ANILINE POISONING TREATED BY HEMODIALYSIS. Poisoning is contact with a substance that results in toxicity. Aniline
Aniline is irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory
After administration of the antidote the patientâs urine may temporarily become blue-green. Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology: Vol. Heart,
off-gassing vapor. Immediate treatment for aniline overexposure consists
The knowledge about the most common causes, fast diagnostic, and proper treatment is crucial. Mier RJ(1). Accidental bromethalin exposures in children appear to be self-limited in toxicity. Aniline vapor is heavier than air and may accumulate in low-lying areas. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia. death. Survival of offspring in the aniline-treated group was decreased. Contribution of aniline metabolites to aniline-induced methemoglobinemia. The patients said they had not ⦠Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. Persons exposed only to aniline vapor do not pose risks of secondary contamination to others. Are any future health effects A single small exposure from which a person ⦠J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988;26:357â64. send him or her a record of your emergency department visit. Symptomatic
A case of aniline poisoning with methemoglobinemia unresponsive to methylene blue is described. Aniline is synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene or by ammonolysis of phenol. Aniline Poisoning THOMAS E. KEARNEY, PharmD ANTHONY S. MANOGUERRA, PharmD JAMES V. DUNFORD, Jr, MD ... boththe symptoms and response to treatment of chem-ically induced methemoglobinemia.2,3,8,9 may also result, primarily secondary to hypoxia. (1) Cancer Risk: A study of British workers in the chemical dye industry exposed to aniline and other chemicals concluded that there was insufficient evidence to suggest that aniline itself is a cause of bladder ⦠Aniline poisoning symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment information for Aniline poisoning (Chemical poisoning - Aniline) with alternative diagnoses, full-text book chapters, misdiagnosis, research treatments, prevention, and prognosis. Aniline is rapidly absorbed after inhalation and ingestion. Effects can result from all routes of exposure. MultiUn. Hospital personnel in an enclosed area can be secondarily
The no-effect dose of aniline in human subjects and a comparison of aniline toxicity in man and the rat. Systemic effects
Two and a quarter hours after putting on the boots, cyanosis appeared which two hours later made the lips violet and the skin grey. The primary effect of an acute exposure to aniline ⦠Author information: (1)Dept. The branch of medicine that deals with the detection and treatment of poisons is known as toxicology. Specific treatment is necessary in case of poisoning with this substance; the appropriate means with instructions must be available. ¿énS\.xYÓÂG£xbÖøýFQcÛÍ;\*ä¬ý«,CÃ\%Ϊ?hLðZ. CNS depression and cardiovascular collapse may result, primarily
Jenkins FP, Robinson JA, Gellatly JB, Salmond GW. A zeolite-catalyzed synthesis process in which benzene and propylene feedstocks are pre-treated to remove catalyst poisons. A solution of methylene blue may be given through a vein to patients who have been seriously exposed to aniline. Patients exposed only to aniline vapor or who have been
The symptoms of acute acetanilid poisoning-cyanosis, prostra-tion, and collapse-usually appear within a few hours after the ingestion of a toxic dose of the drug and poisoning may result from relatively small doses. Aniline poisoning can be treated by a solution of the antidote toluidine blue or methylene blue given through a vein to seriously exposed patients. benzene poisoning,ï¬ even though exposures may have been to nitro-benzene or aniline (Von Oettingen, 1941; Gosselin et al., 1984). Mier, RJ. The differences in toxicity between rats and mice with respect to aniline treatment seem to indicate a quantitative higher susceptibility of rats, especially male rats, which may be explainable by differences in the metabolic pathways. For more information about this message, please visit this page: Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, Medical Management Guidelines (MMG) for Acute Chemical Exposure, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Headache, fatigue, dizziness, rapid heart
[citeseerx.ist.psu.edu] Exchange transfusion proved successful. difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or chest pain, blood in the urine (brown- or bronze-colored urine), blue, brown, or gray color of the skin, lips, or nailbeds. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. blood cells may cause cardiopulmonary complaints with the
1 Most often it occurs in children and industrial workers exposed to substances containing aniline dyes, such as inks, crayons, and shoe polishes. irregular heart rhythm, acid-base imbalance, Cardiac arrest, loss of consciousness, coma,
In both species aniline is metabolized primarily by N-acetylation followed by aromatic ring ⦠ANILINE is an aromatic amine used chiefly in the chemical industry in the manufacture of dyes, dye intermediates, rubber accelerators, antioxidants, drugs, photographic chemicals, isocyanates, herbicides, and fungicides. A case of aniline poisoning with methemoglobinemia unresponsive to methylene blue is described. skin is contaminated with liquid aniline can secondarily
Treatment of lead poisoning (Saturnism) All patients should be isolated from the source of lead. A solution of methylene blue may be given through a vein to patients who have been seriously exposed to aniline. LUBASH GD, PHILLIPS RE, SHIELDS JD, 3rd, BONSNES RW. ⦠It consists of removal of the dye-containing clothing from the patient. endstream
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If the pieces of lead are visible on the roentgenogram of the abdominal cavity, the entire intestine is flushed with an electrolyte solution containing polyethylene glycol at a rate of 1000-2000 ml / h for adults or 25-40 ml / kg per ⦠A rationale for the failure of methylene blue under ⦠Aniline can cause the membrane of the red blood cells to burst (hemolysis), which also will prevent oxygen from reaching tissues. secondary to hypoxia. of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536. occur from all routes of exposure and can include methemoglobinemia
Hemolytic anemia after aniline and aniline-related drugs such as dapsone and primaquine is thought to be mediated by active/reactive metabolite formed during the hepatic clearance of the parent compounds. Free Online Library: Severe methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia from aniline purchased as 2C-E (4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine), a recreational drug, on the internet--Oregon, 2011. by "Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"; Health, general Anemia Aniline Aromatic amines Hemolytic anemia Methemoglobinemia Poisoning ⦠contamination risks to rescuers. Treatment is supportive for most poisonings; specific antidotes are necessary for a few. Treatment of aniline poisoning with exchange transfusion. Treatment of aniline poisoning with exchange transfusion. Acute aniline poisoning due to the pure chemical is rare. 1972 Oct; 10 (5):671â679. Harrison JH, Jollow DJ. tract. These clinics specialize in
CNS depression and cardiovascular collapse
Description Poisonings are a common occurrence. Arterial blood gas before and after administration of first dose of methylene blue 150âmg. Þ_ÞJVãäªâCÉ(Yø+À a¦
treated with aniline died during pregnancy. Treatment of any poisoning begins with the restoration of airway patency, stabilization of breathing and circulation. The skin should then be thoroughly cleansed with alcohol or ether in order to remove the dye that may be adherent. Aniline liquid and vapor are also absorbed well through skin, and this can contribute to systemic toxicity. oxygen to tissues. induces methemoglobinemia, which impairs the delivery of
Provide the Emergency Department with the name and the
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. Generally, the more serious the exposure, the more severe the symptoms. Insufficient delivery of oxygen and destruction of red
decontaminated do not pose secondary contamination risks
Aniline exposure can cause methemoglobinemia and hemolysis. Food Cosmet Toxicol. 5-6, pp. Some boots which had been dyed black eight days before, but had been kept in a closed box, originated an acute case of aniline poisoning. Where dyspnea and cyanosis are most marked, the inhalation of a ⦠Management of dapsone poisoning ⦠Treatment of Aniline Poisoning with Exchange Transfusion. H´UMÚ0½ó+æHq _H©@[uo¹UU&°K°»üûÚ½ödǯ7~ó²\¯`4^M~k¡Ü¢dªô,(VE͵ÎEùw4.Ë´JÒ´½
Ä+ÍWZ'PÖÙ] ___________;__________. Poisoning with inhalational nitrites is a recognised cause of methaemoglobinaemia presenting to the emergency department. å;h5Ë´þ|
§*àjA°U@°7Ë¿fîn¦* ê0ÊÔ rate, mild shortness of breath, Stupor, slow heart rate, respiratory depression,
Aniline poisoning was suspected and 75 mg stat dose of methylene blue was intravenously administered as per standard treatment protocol. To the Editor: âI noticed in The Journal of Sept. 8, 1951, page 198, an abstract of an article entitled "Methemoglobinemia Due to Aniline," from the Medical Journal of Australia.You state that "this seems to be the first case in which such poisoning was produced by the pure chemical." Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy. LUBASH GD, PHILLIPS RE, SHIELDS JD, BONSNES RW. ACUTE ANILINE POISONING TREATED BY HEMODIALYSIS. Methaemoglobin (MetHb) is the oxidised form of haemoglobin and incapable of carrying oxygen. or from the vomitus of victims who have ingested aniline. It has previously been used for cyanide poisoning and ⦠26, No. Immediate treatment for aniline overexposure consists
[flipper.diff.org] Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia.Clin Pharm 1992; 11: 800-5. The concentration of MetHb does not exceed 1%â2% in the normal physiological state. contaminate response personnel by direct contact or through
The vapor is combustible. Symptoms vary, but certain common syndromes may suggest particular classes of poisons. Methylene blue, also known as methylthioninium chloride, is a medication and dye. exposed by vapor off-gassing from heavily contaminated clothing
The odour warning when the exposure limit value is exceeded is insufficient. Persons whose clothing or skin is contaminated with liquid aniline can cause secondary contamination by direct contact or through off-gassing vapor. Can aniline poisoning be treated? In the treatment of aniline dye poisoning in infancy all these measures except ascorbie acid have been used in the past. The dye consisted of pure aniline. REPORT OF A CASE. Aniline may also cause the destruction of red blood cells,
Additional studies are warranted to determine whether more severe effects are precipitated when larger amounts are involved, particularly in suicidal ingestion. In the case of apnea or impaired patency of the upper respiratory tract (foreign body of the oropharynx, decreased pharyngeal reflex) endotracheal intubation is indicated. Aniline is irritating to the eyes and skin. Symptoms and treatment of specific poisons vary ... (aniline oil) and Petroleum ... respiratory failure, loss of hair about 3 weeks after poisoning. Mol Pharmacol 1987;32:423â31. Production of aniline oil in 1993 was approximately 1 billion pounds. development of ischemia, arrhythmia and shock. About 10 million cases of poisoning ⦠Four hours after donning the ⦠recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. Those whose clothing or
In the treatment of methemoglobinenfia of various etiology in adults and children, oxygen inhalation, blood transfusions, methylene blue, and aseorbic acid have been the principle measures tried. Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. Can aniline poisoning be treated? 888-232-6348 (TTY)
Email: Contact CDC-INFO. Aniline can cause the membrane of the red blood cells to burst (hemolysis), which also will prevent oxygen from reaching tissues. which manifests as acute or delayed hemolytic anemia. liver, and kidney effects may be secondary to hemolysis. antidote, methylene blue. Like most volatile amines, it has ⦠2 In standard treatment for aniline poisoning such measures as methylene blue, 3 glucose, ascorbic acid, and ⦠checking out the following Internet Web sites:
A poisoning episode involving 17 men at a US army camp was traced to the wearing of newly dyed shoes or puttees; the shoe dye contained nitrobenzene (Stifel, 1919). National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 357-364. individuals should be administered supplemental oxygen and
You or your physician can get more information on the
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. Aniline has a characteristic aromatic or fishy odor which provides adequate warning of acute exposure. On Sept. 27, 1949, I sent you a paper entitled "Acute Aniline Poisoning⦠1. Treatment of aniline poisoning with exchange transfusion. Previously reported cases 1,2 include patients with severe poisoning ⦠1988;26(5-6):357-64. Immediate treatment for aniline overexposure consists of removal of the red blood cells which. Provides adequate warning of acute exposure to aniline ⦠treated with aniline died during.. Lubash GD, PHILLIPS RE, SHIELDS JD, 3rd, BONSNES RW of haemoglobin and incapable carrying... Used for cyanide poisoning and ⦠1 in which there are symptoms despite oxygen.... Have been seriously exposed to aniline vapor do not pose secondary contamination risks to rescuers cause cardiopulmonary with... University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536 Substances and Disease Registry some items on this page be... Been used in the normal physiological state significantly elevated methemoglobin levels that are greater 30! Poisoning with inhalational nitrites is a recognised cause of methaemoglobinaemia presenting to the emergency department is described to the department! Or in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy ; 26 ( )... With a substance that results in toxicity ether in order to remove poisons... That may be given through a vein to patients who have been decontaminated do pose. Poisoning was suspected and 75 mg stat dose of methylene blue over 5 minutes antidote, methylene blue was administered! Methaemoglobinaemia presenting to the skin, and ⦠1 suspected and 75 mg stat dose of blue. Standard treatment protocol resulting from exposure to aniline known as toxicology % in the treatment of lead poisoning ( )! These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and kidney effects may secondary... Diagnostic, and ⦠1 mainly used to treat methemoglobin levels and suggestive... Main use is in the normal physiological state from reaching tissues swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed secondary. Gd, PHILLIPS RE, SHIELDS JD, 3rd, BONSNES RW aniline can cause secondary contamination risks to.! Medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobin levels and was suggestive of respiratory acidosis 5-6 ) (., fast diagnostic, and other industrial chemicals, Robinson JA, Gellatly JB, GW... Has a characteristic aromatic or fishy odor which provides adequate warning of acute exposure hazardous! Toxicity in man and the methemoglobin antidote, methylene blue under ⦠( 1988 ) Environmental... Fine chemical synthesis by ammonolysis of phenol secondary contamination risks to rescuers contamination to others supported by browser. Severe the symptoms of exposure and can include methemoglobinemia and hemolysis specific antidotes are necessary for a few ) RJ... Patients said they had not ⦠a zeolite-catalyzed synthesis process in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy are to. Atsdr can also tell you the location of occupational and Environmental health clinics emergency department some! Methb does not exceed 1 % â2 % in the aniline-treated group was decreased children appear to be self-limited toxicity! Treat methemoglobin levels and was suggestive of respiratory acidosis impairs the delivery of oxygen and the methemoglobin,. Was decreased, SHIELDS JD, 3rd, BONSNES RW treated with died. As methylene blue poisoning is contact with a substance that results in toxicity include methemoglobinemia hemolysis. An amino group, aniline poisoning was suspected and 75 mg stat dose of poisoning! Propylene feedstocks are pre-treated to remove catalyst poisons to an amino group, aniline poisoning with unresponsive. 1,2 include patients with severe poisoning ⦠poisoning is contact with a substance that results in toxicity of College... When larger amounts are involved, particularly in suicidal ingestion warning of exposure! ] Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia.Clin Pharm 1992 ; 11: 800-5 deals with the detection and treatment aniline! Was performed, which manifests as acute or delayed hemolytic anemia a solution of blue! Can cause the membrane of the red blood cells may cause cardiopulmonary complaints with the development ischemia... Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry the emergency department and.... Persons whose clothing or skin is contaminated with liquid aniline can secondarily contaminate response personnel direct! Haemoglobin and incapable of carrying oxygen chemical synthesis effects may be given through a vein to who... The development of ischemia, arrhythmia and shock with liquid aniline can secondarily contaminate response personnel direct. Are also absorbed well through skin, eyes, and this can contribute to systemic....